[EAI 온라인 세미나] 민주주의 협력 시리즈 11.

YouTube 링크 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVh4uFhuz7w

동아시아연구원(원장 손열)은 열한 번째 [민주주의 협력] 온라인 세미나 시리즈, “민주주의를 위한 청년들의 목소리”를 개최했습니다. 최근 여러 국가에서 청년 정치 참여가 활발해지고 있습니다. 본 회의에서 대한민국, 태국, 인도네시아와 스리랑카의 청년들은 각국의 정치 과정에서 드러나는 청년 대표성의 문제를 다루며 청년들의 정치 참여 형태 및 정치 의제에 대해 논의했습니다. 패널들은 또한 청년의 정치 참여를 확대하고 대표성을 강화하기 위한 방안을 모색했습니다.

• 일시: 2021년 8월 25일 15:00-17:00 (한국시간)
• 발표자: Kyung Dong Kim (The Young Tent, 한국), Mouliza K. D. Sweinstani (Indonesian Institute of Sciences, 인도네시아), Senel Wanniarachchi (Hashtag Generation, 스리랑카), Purawich Watanasukh (King Prajadhipok’s Institute, 태국)
• 사회자: Jung Kim (University of North Korean Studies, 한국)

영상 스크립트

hello uh welcome to the adln webinar on voices of the use for democracy uh for those who are not familiar with the adln which is the asian uh democracy research network is a collaborative research network of 21 institutions from 14 asian countries and has been organizing events to enhance democratic unity in asia i believe this is the 11th event in terms of the webinar so today's uh we organize uh very timely and very important uh the topic of this question here and we we are successful to uh get together and

and invite excellent the pre presenters from the the east asian region and the southeast asian region as well as south asian reason here so let me first introduce uh briefly uh the the presenters in the order of presentation here the our first presenter is mr uh pravich watanask he is a researcher at the college of politics and governance at king plagiard hip-hop institute he's a phd candidate in critical science at the university of canterbury new zealand he is also a guest lecturer on thai politics and government

course at the kong university and the regular speaker for the program towards democracy with king plagiative talks institute on the thai parliament radio and the podcast democracy x innovation hosted by the office of innovation for democracy at king puerto de fox institute our second presenters from uh south korea mr kang dong kyle kim he is the ceo and co-founder of wcoding which is an international programming bootcamp and the ceo and the founder of the young tent an alliance of youth politics groups in

south korea he also serves as the board of director of the youth politics academy previously he has served as the former committee chairman of the future forum from the yoido institute the official think tank of the people power party which is the largest conservative party in south korea our third presenter is miss molisa k.d swain stani she is a researcher at the center for political studies in the nation institute of sciences she completed her bachelor degree in government and political studies with a

semiconductor predicate from diploma university indonesia in 2013 and got her master's degree in political science with a laude predicate from the university of indonesia in 2017. she has authored several academic publications on electoral studies women and politics and political parties in national journals international journals and books our fourth presenter will be mr group prakash uh he is the national spokesperson of volunteer janitor party and an assistant professor in uh lowe at patuna university

he is also an author and columnist he has formerly served as a member of steering committee of the australia india use dialogue and as a delegate of multi-regional program of the ivlp held by the u.s state department in 2018. our fifth presenter will be mr ceno he is a co-founder and the director of hashtag generation which is an organization led by a group of young tech service relations working towards building a society where everyone has the skills information and tools to be active participants in making the decisions

that affect their communities technologies and bodies snell is currently pursuing a phd at the london school of economics and political science he also sits on the board of the innovation of change south asia half which is a collective of organizations and human rights defenders working together to preserve the civil space in south asia as you can see we we have distinguished and very excellent as well as not only just just the researchers but also the the uh the practical uh practitioners in in the realm of the

used politics to enhance the quality of democracy in each country as well as the across regions here so today we are going to have some common discussion topic which include first assailancy of generation of creepy in domestic politics second the framing and representation of issues pertaining to the youth and third how youth participation is organized in politics it is conventional political channels or through the social media and and first the demographic and social economic backgrounds shaping

you uh use gender so those are the broad picture uh in which our presenters will make their own uh gender and and and the race some talking points uh in penmans so each of you have 10 minutes to present your ideas and share uh the the your points with uh us okay so let me just start uh the first presenter will be missed uh please guatenescu you can present the first uh things here thank you thank you professor kim and thank you very much for inviting me to join this panel i understand i have only 10

minutes so i will talk briefly about the youth politics in contemporary thailand so let me let me start by providing some background about thai politics first thailand is a country of the political instability in 1932 it has transformed the country has been transformed from absolute monarchy to the constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy however there are 12 successful crew and 20 editions of constitutions so far until today the most recent military coup was in may 2014 the junta led by

general pradhan yamiche at that time seized the power from the democratically elected government and the junta had been in power for five years they promoted a new uh hyundai sponsor constitution in in 2017. two years later a new election was held on march 24 2019 after it had been postponed for five times in that election there is one party backed by the kunda name election however they can form a new government with the help of the appointed signature because under this constitution before the election was killed it would die

appoint 250 senators who can't vote for the prime minister and yes at that time they would preview to retain his premiership right so uh and brayu still in power until today so basically in thailand if you if we analyze thailand in terms of comparative with this right now thailand can be categorized as a hybrid regime because yes we have a constitution we have an election however the military and the other unelected uh force you know can can retain its power and influence through various and elected institutions for

example the senate and independent agencies so i start here first because i would like to provide you some breakdown before i take you to the topic of the eu politics in contemporary thailand so why why it matters uh the general generational fleet fish have not been much debated in entire politics until up until the 2019 election why uh we have to take we have to look back the last successful election we had was in 2011 right and the next election and the latest election right now 2019 so it is almost

uh almost eight years it almost it had been always uh it had uh almost area sorry that's the call into my microphone that's fine just rejected uh so yes we don't know what happened just imagine that if you are a high school student right not just in the primary school eight years later you are now in the in the uh university right and the high school student the university students here right now you imagine that they are under the military dictatorship for right now seven years they had transformed to

elected government right so at that in that election uh there's about 20 of the voters who are the young voters so it's one-fifth of the voters in that election so it matters in the electoral game there is one party that emerged as the alternative party it is called future forward party because this party you know the party leader he is the charismatic he has a charismatic leadership and he has a visionary thinking and this party you know offer a radical agenda to reform thai politics for example military reform

rewriting the drafted constitution and provide to providing a state welfare and surprisingly this party has become the third largest party in the house of representatives this party is very popular among young thais however this party was dissolved by the constitutional court in february 2020 and it has been transformed to a new party called move forward party today from this point it has triggered the so-called flash mob across the country flashmob was was held across the country in the university in the in the school

you know because this party is very popular among young thais and it is seen as a new hope for thai politics right however uh the the coffee 19 just uh the outbreak of the copenhagen uh spread last year like right the big demonstration started from july 2020 up until today they are still protesting and this movement the most interesting thing is that this movement is the youth led movement so to answer the question the youth politics in thailand right now i frame it as a libertarian versus authoritarian because they are fighting

against the other authoritarian regime semi-auto authoritarian i would say they proposed three demands the young thais the first one for the youth prime minister must resign the second one the new constitution must be drafted and the third one the monarchy which is the most sensitive issue in thailand must be reformed the most of the protesters who joined the protest i have experienced by myself last year and up until today they are the high school students and young the university student so why they come out

they come out because they believe that they are fighting for a better thailand to make thailand a better place for their generation so the next question that the part the finalist the panel has set for me what is the most visible form of the participation for the for the young thais i would say the the most visible form are both online and offline so online on social media for example facebook twitter clubhouse and telegram right they have communicate through this application regularly and every day

an offline platform which is the protest and there is one activity that i have that i am interested it's called hashtag activism uh i from my understanding uh thailand is among the country which has which has the user which are the twitter user the most in the world and they have type you know um twitter is about italian in the past it's just about the entertainment entertainment entertainment sport for example especially korean entertainment but this day you know twitter has become a political platform

they have you know created the the hashtag tool you know to to to push their agenda by click that by putting the hashtag for example let it in our generation if the politics is good we can have a good education good job good opportunity for example and the millenniums generation said they are viewing that if the politics is not good this is the core core issue for their movement we cannot have a good you know good life good opportunity however this is the set set part of the story the current regime

they show no tolerance on any opposition and brutally support suppress every protest even until today so before i conclude my my part uh in this session i would say thailand right now is at the critical moment the young thai you know want to decide their own future they want to have a good life they they want to to decide their future by that one but the problem is that the current political system cannot accommodate their needs especially the current regime you know recently it had been proved that

the current regime is incompetent especially coping with my team pandemic so i conclude here 10 minutes right now i would say the current regime just only wants to prolong its rule as long as they can but they are not aware that the wind of change is coming this is my my part and let's get back to professor kim thank you okay thank you very much you are very informative as well as inside full uh presentation about the situation in news politics in the context of thailand here so uh as we expected the thailand is now

um say uh the um experience some sort of the semi-democratic or semi-authoritarian uh the regime here so uh even if the youth uh try to make their voice its voice has to concentrate on as you said the return to normal democracy here so uh this is one example that the youth politics has some uh general trend as well as some particular trends depending on the context of the country that the youth will act uh in in terms of products here so i think the second presenter uh the kang dong king mr ken gong kim will give us a very uh

interesting uh comparative perspective especially based on the experience of the south korea today uh it its experience in my opinion has some similarity as well as differences with the the case of the thailand here so uh just please welcome uh the second presenter mr kang dong kim okay thank you hi guys um my name is ken dong my english name is kyle it's really a privilege to see you guys at least online and get a chance to share with you a little bit of the perspective of the current um political system and

entire environment but not only that um especially the youth generation and how they participate and how they represent themselves and how they challenge themselves um in politics uh as well at this moment let me give you a little bit of an introduction about myself first uh um i i have my i'm running a software development company for the past four or five years already um but not only that um on side side job as a side kind of a professional hobby i'd say i run an organization called a youth organization

called the young tent so the young tenant it was founded about three years ago as well and the young tent is a kind of an alliance of youth groups political youth groups in korea right now we have about eight to ten groups that are participating um in our events every two to three months and in the event the purpose of the event is for the these different youth groups to obviously share their infrastructure share their um kind of knowledge share their marketing strategies so that they can form a synergy so that they can

have we can create a bigger voice for all the youth in korea um so that is a little bit about myself and um to give you guys a little bit of introduction about the current political and economic um situation in korea well maybe some of you know but the generational conflict in south korea is is quite high among many major advanced countries compared to the rapid changes in social economy a kind of intergenerational cultural lag that has failed to keep up with the culture um this is because korea as you guys know

when went through the korean war back in 1955 so what took about 100 to 120 years for some of the western countries to develop on a cultural basis it only took uh korea about 30 30 years to catch up so why i'm saying this is the economic kind of advancement was much faster than the cultural and political advancements in korea in my perspective and as a side effect a lot of the a lot of the politicians are from money as it is from all pretty much all the other countries uh however also in korea um

the generational kind of jump for um younger people to challenge themselves in politics is not too easy well as you know in the 1950s korea was one of the most poorest countries in the world we just went through our korean war between north korea and south korea we had no economic experience and was devastated by the korean war as you guys know for the generations born and raised in this era confucianism and all customs such as you know men are above women and etc um was pretty prevalent in the society and

the state was not in a position to contemplate modern culture or ideas because it had to make all our we had to focus all our efforts into uh economic growth to basically bring bread on the table every night in the 70s in korea the generation has uh as a whole jumped into the democratic movement in a reaction to the repressive regime that happened uh with um some call dictator some called you know a long time ruler president who was the father of the recently impeached miss president ex-president

so during his regime for more than 16 years i believe a lot of a lot of youth back then people who were in their 20s and maybe late 20s to maybe um maybe early 30s um they were in they they took a lot of action to achieve democracy with their own hands which they were able to achieve to a certain extent now fast forward to current time so born in people who are born in 1990s in the 2000s who are also called the mz generation is already living in an era where poverty is not too much of an issue of course

there's people who are less privileged than you know most people however bringing food on the table at least in korea is not not the biggest issue that we talk about um is even for younger generations as well however with the rapid rapid economic development the the the the the gap between the haves and the have-nots is becoming larger so that is another issue that we want to kind of discuss maybe in the future as well um so how to increase the efforts of political um involvement in korea well there there was recently a very

good news um in a way um we first time in our history of democracy and elections in the past 60 to 70 years in korea um we had uh we had a we had a one of the two two or three major political parties one being the right wing and one being the left wing of course and one kind of in the mid couple kind of in the middle however the two major um one of the two major so the conservative party of korea had a had a party leader election about two months ago and um miraculously um um um from you know uh

shooting off everybody's expectations um a person who's born in 1987 so he's around um early 30s to mid 30s uh called mr e juntop he has been elected the party the party number one opposition party leader in korea which brought about a lot of sensation and expected changes in that realm as well however efforts are still needed to expand the participation of young members of the community in making political decisions as well as i said the so-called silver democracy has started to really really kick in in

korea from about five years ago i think i think last year officially korea's the entire population of korea has officially started to decrease so one person in korea is having 0.98 babies starting from last year and um you know that is obviously a big deal in terms of national um you know national um uh capital i guess uh assets however uh not only that um following the footsteps of maybe japan um silver democracy so the majority of the of the of the population is becoming old uh and and not not enough younger people

are getting being born obviously so you know being democracy where one vote equal one person equals one vote with the majority of the political decisions and the majority of the political um policies are being slowly slowly curated towards um towards safety um kind of a conservative decision for welfare um and etc i mean which is not a bad thing of course i mean welfare is necessary in any nation however as you can imagine um you know there's a limited amount of assets in any any group or country and a

lot of that is slowly slowly being um spent and focused on maintaining the youth and medical services etc which is obviously as i said again which is essential however um which may not be the best choice for the the rapid development and rapid kind of coping with um um with changes in terms of technology or culture or um or the youth basically so that's being a big issue in terms of democracy in korea and also in that line um i think there was a recent survey in korea asking younger generations from

the mz generation from the teens to maybe late 20s on whether they believe democracy is the best solution or the best way of governance of a country or the world and a little bit different from even me i was born in 1982 so i'm already hitting my late 30s right now but even when i was young i was kind of kind of unconsciously brainwashed that democracy is you know we fought for democracy in korea in the 70s and you know democracy is the only and the sacred kind of kind of realm that cannot be challenged or touched

however um starting from the kind of the people who are born in the in the early 2000s um democracy is kind of losing losing its um losing its not not only power but losing its sacred sacred kind of uh um image kind of thing but not only that um so the trust in democracy and the trust and the efficiency of democracy is decreasing um so so so and but and with that with that with that and as i explained the economic gap between the hands and the have-nots that's been accumulating with capitalism over the past 20 to 30 years there is a

common kind of void kind of emptiness in the youth that do not have well over where the youth do not that do not have rich parents basically and that leads to what can be dangerous uh as you can imagine populism so a lot of um and we have the uh we have the general we have the president presidential election next year so the country at least the politic part is all around that and as it is with the rest of the world the covet is obviously hitting us hard as well so with covet and the national election coming next year and

um the the two opposition parties obviously you know fighting for the for the for the title of presidency um there's a lot of um kind of false hope and false promises um concerning you know concerning how they will spend the national uh money and how they will give money out to the people and etc is kind of being pushed out um way too much uh which leads to a lot of populism um in korea as well so that's kind of the situation that we are in south korea right now um if i have maybe a couple more minutes i

want to also emphasize one thing um at this point there is a conflict today in south korea another conflict over what issues should be decided by democratic procedures as well for some people for example as i said in the seven who were people who were in their 20s in 1970 when college students and younger people fight for democracy on the streets then they are called the five eight six generation in korea so people in their 50s right now who went to school went to college in the 80s and um who were born in their in 1960s so they

were called the 5 8 6th generation and who have who have who have honestly truly self-gained democracy against military dictatorship in their twenties but funnily enough well my time-wise family love enough they are now the majority of them are now in the pinnacle of the korean political power right now with the kind of the uh repub not the republican but the liberal party uh democratic party in ruling right now um but at the same time what is ironic is that they are rather generous about the procedure being less democratic as well

so there is a a kind of a conflict between the five eight sixth generation and the mz generation already and um what is ironic is um you know they fought for democracy and they're you know with power comes kind of corruption of course and they're the ones who fun ironically enough are in our youth perspective kind of in the safe relevant trying to um kind of uh ignore the negative points of democracy that may be against their their uh their id ideologies um yeah so i think that's a good wrap up of

of myself and the korean political kind of situation um yeah um i'm curious to hear what other people have to say as well thank you great thank you thank you very much for uh you were the the extensive uh the presentation about the situation of south korea as we uh have heard the south korea is i think uh some exemplary case of uh some very very complex issues are now uh emerging uh simultaneously from the uh say for example demographically law fertility issue and uh rapidly uh aging uh society issues

here and and on top of that we are now suffering from the increasing the uh income inequality as well as the asset inequality so social economic um say the conflict uh is now are maturing on top of that uh we are also uh the the in the shadow of possible populist uh the the uh political danger uh is is is coming and and as the uh the mr kang dong kim said the the older generation versus the younger generation this generation of conflict is one of the uh the assailant issues in in not only in the electoral politics

but also i think the everyday project here so uh now we have some some very good contrast uh contrasting uh cases with the somehow some straightforward devices of the use in in thailand toward the the return to normalcy of democracy versus for example the south korea has the very very complex the uh many many say so called the disease of the advanced countries here including generational conflict here so now we have uh let's have some third presentation from the uh miss mo lizard kd swain stanley about the

situation of indonesia here thank you thank you professor kate hello everyone my name is molisa gustafer donna so instantly but since it's too long i know so you can call me donna for short i'm a researcher from the center for political studies in nation institute of sciences and i also a founder of indonesians youth political institute so it's as a youth generation that uh concerned and political education and also youth empowerment and it's it's an honor for me because i can share uh my thoughts here and have a discussion

with you all about youth and democracy in asia and and this time i'd like to uh share you about the youth and democracy in indonesia when we talk about youth role in indonesia weekend divided it to uh five timeline in the colonialism independence old older and then new order and then in the reformation and the colonialism the youth movement aims to build awareness and thought about the nationality and then an independent movement we can say that our independence day cannot be separated from youth rule

because in this time uh the youth group push the elders one mr sukarno and also uh mr hatta our founding fathers to quickly proclaim indonesia's uh independence day uh as that time we are we were facing status quo in the end of second world war and then uh jumped to the old order the student movement become the national movement and in this era we are we were facing cleavage because the student movement or the youth movement that time they they were of affect by the political circumstance the the unstable political

circumstance at that time because as a new country uh all of the party want to take role in indonesia that's why a lot of political parties roses and uh of course with a very large ideology and it's it's a fact the youth movement that time and then coming to the new order between 1966 to 1980 and not 1998 the young movement here changed to become the controller to the government so uh in the past before the new order they they they were working together with the government but and start from the new order they are

become controller for the government and this moment a student or young movement became an instrument in bringing down the supernaturalism in 1966 and also in the end of this era in the end of new order in 1998 the student movement again become bringing down the suharto's reason what we heard before from mr watanasu and thailand now a youth movement is it's kind of like libertarian versus authoritarian and yes that's indonesian movement and the the end of new order when we are protesting of the corruption and

authoritarianism of the suharto's regime and moving to the river mission the youth movement become greater and it's not only college student movement but also high school student and then uh it become greater again in this digital era i have some data here and i'd like to share you about uh uh some data of young's youngster's political participation nowadays because when we talk about kinds of generation we know that uh we have builders baby boomers gen x y z and alpha and i'd like to uh point out about

uh z generation or some of and also some of my millennials here although it's uh a bit different between zip generation and millennials but uh they have uh almost what a similar characteristic and of course the genesis is out of mind is more out of mind so this one okay so gnc political character in general have wider spectrum of practice of political participation not only informal political channel and i'm sure that it's also happened not only in indonesia i've heard uh that uh last two presented before me they also

told the same thing and then general sensei tends to value diversity wants to be agent of change and target oriented and likes to share but when we talk about political participation today relational and politics this is a survey done by uh my research center in uh 2018 when we asked them about their political interest yes unfortunately just quiet interested to the politics then we when we ask uh do you often uh have a political discussion not really and the use of social media and chat uh application and reading political news

also uh it's not a good or a great number for youth participation in using social media for politics and share or forward political news also as a no and then uh today really often uh doing political discussion no complaining to the government no not really often campaigning never almost 50 percent the youth never campaigning or or uh sharing someone's uh what uh political efficient mission in this chat apps but when we ask them how important is your opinion to be hurt by the government they they thought that it's

quite important and how likely is the government to hear people's complaint including you yeah quite likely government will hurt uh my interview my complaints the government so what we can uh infer here the youth tend to consider themselves and their opinions as an important things to be heard by the government and possibly process they also believe that their participation will determine the elections of a good leader however they are pessimistic that the government will listen to their complaints

that's the things that happened in indonesia today and as they they they are less they are a bit pessimistic of their uh political participation it also affects the number of young mps only uh 11 of young mps in our last election is under 30 and the young mps candidate by the party the the the most party that uh uh that nominate young cadets is psi it is a new party that organized by young generation so we can conclude here this is the elected candidates by age of course when the candidates is low the elected one become lower

and we can conclude here the lack of political figures under the age of 30 is caused by the assumption that politics is a happy narration for the youth itself so the thing that politics is it's not about a daily life but politics is about an estate and any other uh great narration and and in the world maybe and the second one is political education by the political party hasn't followed the dynamics of youth culture so the political party still organized and and all this style you know it's it's

kind of like um a bad institutionalism and and it's it's it's not uh flexible as the youth want uh in in their in their life and then the this is the third one is quite interesting the young mps or candidates mostly found in new parties and yes the psi i've mentioned before is a new party uh that organized by some young people in indonesia that's why they nominate a lot of young mps a lot a lot of young candidates but unfortunate unfortunately they they haven't all went want the election and the fourth one as i've mentioned

before the way in which parties are managed whether by young or old administrators also affects the participation of young people and political parties and uh what we talked about uh the uh genset political party in the political uh participation in indonesia they have a move from the conventional one to the more dynamic ones they use social media social media as a political reference and also political participation tools and mace best uh maybe in a conventional one the main space of a political party or

political organization is the membership but in indonesia in this digital era it measured by the number of followers in social media so it's kind of like imaging community here and the new political landscape here uh now we are moving the youth are moving from uh participating through political parties uh or wing or uh organization to the the uh digitalization it's just like online petition and crowdfunding and a right opinion in in the captions of instagram or in twitter and any other social media and makes names

and also video blogging or vlog then when we talk about driven factor of political participation tends not to be based on ideology but and things that will that that is important to the nation it's just like uh the uh welfare and then also the anti-corruption so they are not uh talk about uh this is my ideology and that's your ideology so we are different no they don't talk about ideology or they're not talk about religion uh anymore uh i'm islam and you're a question so we we are different and we have uh

different uh aims and movement no but they are talking about uh national interests this is the things that uh they're failing for and the fifth one is they like to be called as influencers that's why uh i think maybe this is one of the factor why the young mps is uh the lack of young mps in indonesia because they don't like to be called as okay i'm i am a parliament member i am uh what i am a president but they like to be called us i'm an influencer that's uh by by by labeling themselves as influence sir

they can't uh what they can influence they can share they can't uh why they can uh say that i'm here this is uh i'm here for my country this is my participation and in the political life and i have my own way that's why they they are uh like to be called as influencer and the last one is uh idealistic their political attachment uh to the public good it's related to the fourth factor and not to the certain religion races or any other social factors they don't like corruption they want peace and better life for indonesia but

in uh a very different way so not in a conventional or not in a formal uh political channel but in their own world and their social media in their digital life and uh this is uh quite interesting today this is the current controversial actions of young youngsters in indonesia so they made means that maybe we're gonna say that it's rude because they are making fun of our president of our uh of our vice president also child women of parliament they say that uh mr jokowi is the king of lip service they say that

mrs juan maharani is the queen of ghosting they say that mr maruf avin is the king of silence they did it because they want to critics the government they think that by doing this kind of things social media is uh beyond uh time and space so it will agitate it the more uh maze the more uh followers so that they uh they made this maybe root means to protect the government the kings of webster is because they maybe they are tired and disappointed to the mr president for not completing some of his political promises it's according

to them and for the uh our vice president they say that he is the king of uh silent because he they they judged that he was less active responding to some problems in indonesia especially when we were fasting uh this pandemic they think that uh mr marv amin just just keep silent and uh looking for safe uh place and and yeah they didn't didn't solve anything and and then the point of view and for mrs juan maharani the queen of gospel is to show their disappointment due to the delay some delay process of some

bills it's quite interesting because uh it's become controversial some people say that it's good this is a political participation youth the student can be a controller for the government but some people say that according to the government they say that it's a root it's it's not how you critics how you say your critics especially to the government that is older than them so yeah it's it's it's quiet uh interesting now and still happen this is the government responses uh the government still can't

fully accept young people hearts criticism with their new style the government talk about politeness you should be polite in delivering your critics then maybe because the government didn't understand how the youngsters nowadays talk and think so uh it becomes political euphemism the government even what uh at the end the government uh neglect the issues of their critics but on the other hand the government actually tried to be useful in governing the country so it it is a quite contradictive responses from the

government of our youth characters and politics today and political parties responses they also want to be claimed as i'm a youthful party but they still uh did nothing they still uh do their uh what uh their usual business yes political party that is that is uh not dynamic as youth uh culture and only uh some of party that can what adapted to the youth characters today and it's mostly happen in new parties and but it's quite interesting because uh for our next for our next election the most of the party tries to

what to nominate young figure and it in order to to what to to gain the youth of participation and to gain the youth foods for them and yeah it's it's quite interesting the political party still didn't change their culture still all this but they are trying to be youthful by what by nominating the youth figure in it and my final notes youth noity has their own path in participating politics i like what i've said they they don't like to uh what to follow the conventional political channel they have their own channel

the uh digital uh in this digital era by by uh using their social media and it it it's the thing that should be managed by the government political parties and also any other stakeholders because their idealistic should be managed well to make a better life for indonesia to to make uh what to make more uh dynamic participation of indonesia's people thank you maybe we can discuss later in the discussion session wonderful thank you very much for your insightful uh presentation about the station in indonesia here so now we have

i i would say the varieties of youth politics in asia here so um it's a contrast to not only to the uh thailand uh but also to south korea indonesia in my opinion it's very interesting because the youth uh try to uh express themselves in say uh consciously depoliticized form more personalized form here so that they're using some some social media uh in the form is similar with the south korea or thailand but the content is different so this is the one of the merit to be a uh have the comparative perspective here

so let's complete this this comparative picture here with the presentation from mr sanel from sri lanka and and we are still waiting for the uh india's the professor gurus uh prakashi uh so so let's first have the uh senator mr senator wanna occur uh one year watch his presentation first okay welcome to our uh form here okay yeah thank you uh thank you very much professor it was also very interesting to listen to all of the other presenters as well we clearly have so much in common as well even though we are from so many

different countries of course there are differences in terms of context and nuance and so on uh but i think some of the challenges that we are facing and resisting uh might be very similar as well uh so that was very interesting uh for me um in in sri lanka if you look at the past few years there's been a centralization of power especially in the office of the the president uh with the elections we had last year and the year before the presidential election and the parliamentary direction after that there

were amendments that were brought to the constitution so the 20th amendment to the constitution which substantially increased the powers of the president um so removed some of the checks and balances including kind of the independent commissions that were set up and so reducing powers of those commissions including the elections commission the human rights commission and so on uh also some of the other checks and balances uh on the president as well uh for instance the ability to take the president to court and so on uh

so some of these checks and balances were removed uh so currently there is a substantial power in the president as opposed to for instance in sri lanka uh there has been um criticism of this also uh there are also concerns that this has led to kind of increasing militarization uh because the president the current president is also a former military person so he often relies on the the military uh to for instance possible administration or gov19 response and so on as opposed to the cabinet and the civil uh

administration uh processors as well uh so that's been an increasing uh concern uh in the country um also as you as all of you know there has been an uh an ethnic conflict in sri lanka uh between the government forces and and uh a group called the ltte uh the liberation tigers tamalila which is brought to an end in 2009 uh by the government military uh but since then there are also ongoing concerns about um about the rights of different minority communities in the country as well um it's in the tamil community but also

the muslim uh minority as well so after 2009 there's been growing tensions between some of the buddhist groups and and the muslim minority in the country which have also uh raised lots of concerns and during the pandemic as well this has intensified in some ways some of you might know that sri lanka was one of the only countries in the world which didn't permit burials for kobe 19 victims for a long period and for a lot of people this was perceived as an anti-muslim policy because burials were uh was kind of the only acceptable

comment of the of uh dealing with death among the uh the muslim community as opposed to green nation uh of course the policy was brought to an end about a year later um but but there were growing concerns uh as well um so um so of course on the one hand there is questions around democracy and accountability and then there are also concerns around ethnic tensions and and delay relationships between the majority community and the minority communities uh as well um and like some of the other families

said young people are also dealing with uh quite a conservative culture as well so um quite deeply held patriarchal attitudes um quite quite a homophobic culture as well with hetero heteronormative standards and so on so one of the few countries in south asia where kind of homosexuality is still criminalized unlike india and some of the other neighbors so so that's also a concern for a lot of our young people as well um with like i like i think in all of the other context there is also disparity in income

between the haves and have-nots in the country uh this has also created lots of concerns um especially for some kind of the lowest segments of the economic spectrum especially during kobe 19 as well which has resulted also in some ways of brain drain so a lot of young people trying to travel to the west and and so on um looking for better economic opportunities which is also having long-term impacts on our own economy because the labor force participation and so on is getting uh affected um so that's all

just kind of i guess information about the context of the country and so on if you look more specifically at youth participation again like in some of the other contexts as well youth participation is is increasingly low there is kind of big disparities between uh in in terms of representation of young people in higher levels of decision making um if you look at kind of i think the average age of a cabinet minister is around 65 years of age so it's extremely uh extremely uh kind of over the demographics but there are

also young people in certain high level positions uh but it's worth questioning who these young people are which is one of the problems i wanted to raise as well uh for instance one of the most powerful uh cabinet ministers in the country he's a young person well relatively young person in his thirties uh but he is kind of uh the the son of the prime minister and the the the son the nephew of the president so i think while we advocate for youth participation we also need to question who um which kind of youth

should be represented as well um because uh it's often um it's often resulted in a hugely kind of nepotistic uh environment where kind of the the sons and uh as often sons but rare in rare cases also daughters of current politicians or kind of take over the roles of their either dead or aging parents which is unfortunate of course i have nothing against kind of sons and daughters or politicians getting into politics but the vast majority of people in politics currently are sons and daughters of either dead or really aging politicians

which is unfortunate because this is really a result of the political parties themselves so even the most progressive political parties that advocate for democracy and so on have quite entranced constitutions for the political parties by themselves so the the constitution of the party itself which are actually quite hierarchical and decisions are made by a very few people about how the party operates often when a senior politician leaves they often they try very hard to make sure that the next generation of their

family are represented very in very senior positions of the party as well uh so i think while we advocate for kind of constitutional reform and reforming the laws of the countries we need to make sure that the institutions like the political parties themselves are inclusive because it's actually the parties that work towards making our countries more representative um just to end on a more positive note because i've also uh spoken about a lot of the issues like in all of the other countries our technology is also

in some ways making things more hopeful it's given people a platform to ask questions put put politicians on the spotlight uh raise uncomfortable issues um i mean in some cases like in indonesia i even make fun of bad decisions made by politicians so i think that's opened up the space in a lot of ways but of course the concerns are that one there is also suppression of in some ways dissent and things like that because on the one hand there is kind of fake news and disinformation and head speech and

so on online but on the other hand the government decisions that are attempting to address these issues don't really deal with the disinformation and the kids speech but they use the laws on this information speech to target dissent and journalists and activists so of course there is a real fake news problem but the laws that are meant to address that problem are not really used to kind of deal with the actual people creating the fake news but it's actually the people asking uh questions from the

government which might make them kind of uh uncomfortable or embarrassed so those are the people that are getting targeted so on the one hand the internet is opening things up freeing the space but on the other hand it's also still being controlled to a large extent um and finally even though the internet also comes off as a more organic space where everyone is kind of open to ask questions and so on uh with my work and and with my work i also know that and a lot of you also know that it's also not

organic a lot of these things are also organized so there are paid groups that are creating content either critical of the government or for the government uh so it's also not just you know every young people who are asking these questions but organize campaigns uh facebook for example cause this coordinated inauthentic behavior so it's not authentic it's not organic content it's coordinated behavior that's the that's doing these as part of organic that's doing this as part of organized campaigns um so those are the points

that i really i wanted to make and i'm also hoping to engage during the rest of the discussion as well thank you very much okay thank you very much for your insightful presentation about the situation of sri lanka here at obviously um the do we have real uh diversities in terms of use politics across nations as well as uh the over time within nations here so um the i i don't want to uh the repeat uh that the the tense the the uh presenters uh always give us the the information here so just just uh let's

move to uh just q a session and first i will take up the the uh questions from the uh audience here i think you can open the qna windows then you can see we have two questions from the audience first one for the uh the mr watanasku uh it's it's about the situation of thailand so uh so it said while the protest used to be a conflict between yellow shirts and red shirts as far as i know uh there are a few those particular ideological conflict found in recent protests so what do you think helps unite the whole nation as one and

do you believe people's demonstration will be successful in spite of a special backup from the rumor monarchy here that's the question uh to the mr wananesku and the second one is for the uh donor here so uh you said that the uh indonesia's uh mps in the 20s and 30s make up 11 of total number of mps here it is still high compared to south korea are they coming from the established political families in case of south korea younger mps in 20s and 30s are only 4.4 percent it is very tough for a younger person get

elected in south korea so this is the just just compared based on the competitive uh assessment so uh what what's what's what happened in indonesia in terms of the higher level of the n is the representation in the uh parliaments in terms of the number of mps here so let's first have uh the the uh questions from the audience uh why the start with the mr watanask you can you can answer to this question and then uh donor you can respond to the second question here well thank you very much for this

terrific question and yeah you are right the the conflict uh in the last decade 10 more than two years ago you will see that oh italians they have the yellow chest and the wedges so easily speaking the focus of the conflict in the last decade it's about one man taxing china one right he is the he was a former prime minister you know and he he he is the only elected leader who served the four-year term you know and his party you know won the the most number of mp you know so he's become the uh charismatic leader and he has power very

very very powerful and influential so what is the yellow shirt the yellow shirt is the movement that opposed touch things you know what right in in the late 2005 to early 2006 and then we had the the students like school in september by that house justin from the office and then we had the red shirt so with the red shirt we're just mostly they are the the toxic supporters and also they claim to they they they claim to be the the people who believe in democracy and you know most of them you know it can be it is like it is a giveaway it

is agreeable right most of them they are in the rural area why in the why the yellow shirts they are the the urban middle class people this is the focus of the political conflict in thailand over the last decade so as i said earlier we had another coup in in 2014 and the hula they were in power for five years right for five years and they transformed itself to be so-called elected government you know the new landscape that we can observe in the last in the recent election is that the landscape has changed the focus is not just above

you black taxing or not it's about are you okay with the with the military regime are you okay with you if you are okay with you you vote for uh the hyundai sponsor party if you don't care then vote for other parties so the focus of the political landscape they move to the military junta especially is little for you yeah you're right the conflict has transformed into this one uh the the military so the next question what helped unite the nation as one this is a great question why why many people you know turn to come together

and say when you get out you know literally get out i would say it is about the military legacy you know too many people they have businesses to military coup in in in their generation in 2006 and 2014 and they have experienced that the coup took the country to nowhere you know and it's time okay we we no longer want the military to be in politics right and one of the most interesting thing is that you know many people who who claim themselves to be as the yellow launchers in the past you know that's why they are against toxins you

know until today but when we choose choosing between testing and military and for you all for you is totally unacceptable leader today right so this helps people come together and what uh what helped this uh phenomenon you know accelerate this phenomenon is the coveted 19 enemy you know today thailand's have about 17 000 to 20 000 infected cases every day until even today and more than 200 deaths so it has the the value and his regime has been proved that they are incompetent to not go to tackle

the pandemic and economic crisis so and the next question will this movement be successful i have and you know i have questioned this this movement since the beginning or will it be successful if we you know if we fight with the weapon yeah we we will always lose right but the the the conflict today is not just about who has more gum who has more you know weapon to you know to suppress each other it's about uh it's about how to spread it it is a it is a conflict of the the thought the idea the ideology

what to make thailand a better place is uh military regime and answer i would say many people would say no we no longer want the military to be in politics uh when when when when we talk about uh the current situation helen i i have and i have looked back to what south korea south korea experienced back in 1960s 70s in that time people might say oh the movement might be you know what might maybe not be successful but later it has proved that eventually people you know the democracy will will be settled

so thailand in thailand i would say if you ask to you ask the protesters they truly believe that democracy will come to cut the country one day but if you ask the power holders they would say i will use every means you know to suppress to stop any resistance to prolong my our power as long as as our as you can but i believe in nature you have we have a bit of change right now thailand is facing exchange not just change in in generation but society economy and even people start you know seven eight years ago i don't know

2014 some thai people they are they were very happy oh finally the military came in two house uh yin lakshmi is toxin the unity and peace and order will return to the country but seven years and almost a year has passed these people say this is not the answer and the evidence we have seen every day every day so to conclude my answer i would say it will be successful but if not just within in the days or weeks it might be five or ten years we have we have to see thank you okay thank you very much so let's have

the response from uh donor okay uh thank you for the question for uh mr or mrs lee here so uh this is a nice information about the comparative study between uh indonesia and korea i thought that uh 11 is a very lack number but unfortunately south korea is only four point four percent and when you ask me are they coming from the asteroids political families yes because we know that uh political kinship in indonesia is a quiet high here and when we uh let's say the three youngest mps here is uh a daughter and son from

uh the the the last uh uh they let's say hillary brigitte the one of the youngest mps in indonesia says the daughter of uh and peace member in the past and then uh the the two others young's mp i a bit i'm a bit forget the name but they also uh the dozer and son of a political figure here so yeah maybe it becomes uh and one side it becomes uh what privilege for them to win the election but on the other side kinship and politics it's it's not good because uh it it it then can become a political dynasty

here and we also can say that oh yeah you are elected because of your father because of your mother we we don't know your capacity that's that's the negative one of uh can shape of a dynasty and politics but uh besides they come from establish a political family they also comes from the family we know that the electoral system in indonesia is uh open pr list so the people vote uh the candidates directly and it's a kind of a high cost election and when and there are taxes statement that say that when you have a lot of money then

you will win and it's also happened to the young mps because they come from wealth family they have let's say they are rich so they can uh did uh what a spectacular campaign that time so people know them well and the people then elect them so the political kinship and also the financial resources is a factor that that driven them to be elected in the election that's the two factors okay thank you very much for your uh answer here so uh just just uh because we um um we know more uh we don't have uh any more

questions from the audience so just just um because i have a lot of questions uh uh about your presentations here so just let me uh let me raise uh three questions here one for the uh sunscreen uh presenters one for the sri lanka uh presenters and uh one for the all of you here so four the uh tong dong uh so i i i fully agree with your analysis of the situation in south korea uh especially in terms of youth politics here and and then one of the say uh hopeful elements uh among this some some sort of the dark uh

the uh mood in south korea is as you said uh we have for the say for the first time in in our the uh the political history since the uh the foundation of our nation here we have a very young political party leader in in one of the largest conservative party in south korea that's that's unprecedented and i agree with that that's the some some some very important uh the political events here but at the same time i have to uh say that being young does not necessarily mean uh the representing young here so that

that's that's the real question in my opinion so what's what's the possible implication of the selecting uh young leader in the one of the largest political party in in south korea uh democracy so uh you can say there might be some positive implication as well as some negative indications so that's my question for you for the uh smell um i i i have a lot of interesting uh the information from your presentation and and you you have confirmed that the uh youth politics uh the the characteristics of youth

politics is totally dependent upon the context of that country and your country is now suffered from constitutional crisis and the pandemic crisis the and and above all these some some sort of the ethnic conflict as well here so there are multiple uh privileges and divisions in the population that that divide not only younger and older people but also say for example uh gender or the uh religions or the as you said an estimate here so my question is because sri lanka is among uh our uh the the presenters you are somehow

in my opinion well known that what's the implication of this multi uh divisional or multi-cleavage uh political cleavage uh the impact on say the the youth politics it it is the just the structural hindrance of the representing the interest of youth or this some sort of the multi uh the the multi cleavage division might be somehow some somehow dr could be some driving force to have some uh larger coalition uh so in in which not only the younger people but also the other elements of the society can uh put together to

increase the for example the quality of the democracy or the quality of the rule of law so that as a result of that this this the multi-divisional society can be somehow facilitated of uh the or rescuing the uh reference democracy in sri lanka so what what do you think this this this uh somehow the the multi privileges can be can be conducive or hindrance uh to the the representing the youth in in democratic process that's my question for the channel and finally i have one general question for all of you here

uh as as i heard um the all of you have mentioned that the social media including say the facebook or the uh the other medium platforms here are utilized by the younger generation to represent themselves and mobilize and organize themselves to to make uh them their voices heard in the traditional political uh area here so my question is simple what do you think this role of social media in your country is is somehow uh good for improving the situation of youth politics in other words the rep the

better representation is possible through the social media or many researchers now have some concerns about so-called for example echo chamber effect which means there has to be some negative feedback effect if you use the social media frequently then there might be some opinion polarization so that using the social media is is not that good to have the better representation as well as the better democracy here so what do you think so using social media to improve the situation of youth politics is good thing for the uh your

society at large or the other way around so that's my uh question for all of you so let's start with the and then you know and then i will uh give you uh each of you some opportunity to uh answer to my question here okay all right thank you for the question so as i have mentioned about before um about two months ago we had the party election for the leading opposition party uh in korea which is the also the conservative party in korea so rel so relatively uh as you similarly in many countries the conservative party is

usually kind of kind of age-wise older than the liberal party and all the ideologies and the policies and everything are little tentatively like a little bit older um so um it would be a it would be a surprise if it was from the liberal party which is the ruling party right now who has about 100 and 160 um seats out of um 300 people in the general assembly national assembly right now however the number one um conservative party which has about 101 or two seats out of 300 seats um and their leader

has become uh mr lee who is right now i think international age 32 or 33 years old uh he has been in politics uh for the past 10 years already 10 to 11 years so he's not a newbie in the in in in the area however another kind of surprising thing was um he he was never in um he was never a congressman before so he has never won any elections he has participated and he has uh he he uh he was a candidate for the past two or three of elections in the past however he never got elected so i mean that is

i'm not saying i'm not judging anything by the fact that he was never a congressman so but however the the another surprise was that although um he he had a lot of exposure on korean politic political tv and media and youtube and facebook and all the channels in korea since he was you know he was able to utilize it very very wisely and he was very very good with his speeches and it's very good with his ideas and you know he's younger so he kind of throws him out um as well so people kind of you know tuned in when

he was on tv so um based on that and his political experience he was able to um win with uh become the first uh the youngest the youngest um party leader in korea which is i i think that that's not a re that's not like the end game for the youth in korea that that alone i don't think will change uh a tremendous amount of stuff for the youth in korea however it is it is a very very significant start at least um and that is because i mean as you guys will know the party leader is a party leader and like a ceo is a ceo

however he does not have all the power he still has the board of board of directors to convince he still has the party uh members to convince he still has his 102 congressmen with the average age of 56 to convince so the app so he has to you know has to go to win over the the party basically i mean he has the ceo of um title but he it still needs time for for him to um to to win kind of the the genuine backup of the entire party including the congressman and including the party members as well so in that

um there are some good sides and and some and some challenges that he that he he faces as well um and another thing as i said is um his um his his his uh his term is is will will probably be be finished or continued in the next year's uh national election president election so if our if the if the conservative party um does a good job and makes a president his um his leadership will become longer but if not it is likely to become a one hit wonder kind of thing as well but another point that i would like to

really really emphasize is not only uh of course the the party leader being 32 years old is a very big symbol and it shows a lot and that shows a lot to the youth saying that hey you can do it as well he's 32 and he has not he's you know he's not from money you know his parents aren't like from royal family or whatnot but you know he he's a party leader of the biggest opposition party in korea however another another thing that that has to be kind of changed i think in korea for younger people to become more

involved and participate in politics is um not only for the national assembly but for the local local assembly local congressmen that say um in order to apply for that for for your district and for your for your province and for the national um assembly is um basically i mean you you need money i mean the money that you spend on on on running your campaign to run as congressman or whatever whatever uh is only backed up if you get about 15 a vote um it'll be backed up by the government by by the country basically but if not

basically you lose all the money that you're spent on running your campaigns in korea and that is obviously like a big big big hurdle for any any any young youth to challenge themselves and represent try to represent the other youth in korea um so so i mean that is a that is not only you know so what i'm trying to say is of course you know being having a young you know party leader in korea is a symbol of change however there needs to be other systematic and uh other other um kind of um kind of paper workwise like other other other

rules and regulations and and uh concerning elections and everything that needs to be touched uh as well thank you okay wonderful thank you very much okay yeah thank you thank you for that uh that really important question um i think in sri lanka ethnicity and religion have become kind of the main ground on which politics operate and this has generally been the case since independence from british colonialism there is some research that shows that kind of this reliance on ethnicity and religion actually began during and kind

of in response to colonialism it doesn't mean that before colonialism everything was perfect but caste was actually before that the most dominant kind of factor that divided people uh within the country but uh in kind of post uh colonial sense then ethnicity and religion kind of largely became the factor on which people were divided uh this is mostly because uh kind of in the the model the legislature that was introduced during colonialism uh seats are allocated based on ethnicity and religion so um so there

was representation for one singular community representative one thermal community representative and so on so often then these divisions uh continued um in a large extent uh and and to this state uh kind of um i think ethnicity and religion like you said even though there are so many other divisions as well based on gender sexuality class and so on i don't think a lot of people vote based on those factors based on gender based on sexuality based on fast a lot of people still base large vote last

largely based on ethnicity and religion and because of the demographic composition of the country for the vast majority of the country um 75 percent are singular uh people and within that about uh so 70 are buddhists so that means the singular buddhist community is the vast majority of the country and they actually have a big say over who gets to become president and so on and historically the minority communities the tamil and the muslim minority communities have voted uh for not for instance not

to not the government that's in power right now the rajapaksa government of course i'm generalizing because there are muslim people who have voted for them and there are and so on uh but but if you look at kind of the voter distribution the vast majority is um is uh sinhala buddhist people um so the voting uh the the the distribution is such that uh actually even if all of the other minorities get together they can't elect their elected representative they need a substantial portion of the single

people to uh sway to that side of the vote as well so like you said this is creating different uh problems a lot of political parties are divided based on ethnicities for instance there's uh there's a muslim congress there's a tamil national alliance so the parties themselves came to represent different uh communities interests and the mainstream the major political parties are largely single and buddhist political parties um so i wish there was more kind of hope but i think uh and um and i think in terms of kind of um

looking at the future hopefully i think we need kind of identities which transcend ethnicity religion gender and so on uh and uh and a much more unifying factor um and because that kind of thing doesn't exist now in a lot of the political parties have failed to create that type of identity they actually thrive based on these religious identities and the divisions that people have to get elected and once they get elected sometimes they try to pacify them because they need to keep the country going but to get

elected they use these divisions um so so that's where we are at the moment uh which is not a very uh uh you know uh very hopeful picture but that's where we are okay thank you very much okay so uh now we have uh i think the 20 minutes to go here so before uh you respond to my question about the role of social media here's if you you you can open the qna window here then there is a very uh quick question here so uh before the responding to my question just just uh give us the information about this

this quick question so which issue makes young people in your country angry most corruption injustice inequality gender cultural hierarchy environment etc etc and unites used to act so that's the quick question uh to all of you okay so let's start with uh uh for which you can start the uh your response to the questions here thank you very much for this question and this is the difficult question for me because every every issue makes the young thai angry most right now you know corruption yeah authority under the

authoritarian regime we know yeah corruption everywhere interested oh this is one of the of the the the the issue that makes the young people uh angry the most because why you know the part the the the the movement leader just before they organize the movement you know just for example if they they are supposed to host the the the larry today you know in the morning the police will go go to their house and say hey come with me and take a picture like this sure and most of the movement leaders right now they are in

the pre-trial detention this is just a quick example i can thought on the other hand if you look back on the corruption test about the top government officer the minister the prime minister they are always clean i do nothing wrong i don't think and the institution you know um help uh washington you know various institutions they set up after the the coup why was their uh their their profile inequality thailand if you look at the statistic is among the most unequal country in the world and it you know

we talk about this issue people say oh it's just a number a data but under the military regime for over the last seven years people have sense you know this is truly an ego our our society is truly unbelievable the top one percent of the rich oh you know get more gay marriage why do more than 90 percent of the poor feel feel that oh why we work hard but we don't get more paid for example the gender uh as we know you know the the gender equality is among the the trend in in our world right i have observed the

the movements against the the current regime is not just about when you get out the military get down you know some group that organized the movement they are calling for the the equality gender equality for example lgbt you know they they wear what's it called fry you know fry fry costume along the road you know and so my quick my quick answer is that all of the issue that that the audience asked uh in thailand today thank you okay thank you very much uh okay let's have the response from donna okay uh thank you

uh i think all of the issues uh will make young people angry and also unites to act but uh if i may pick the victory of that issue it's going to be corruption injustice and equality we know that uh corruption indonesia is one of a big corrupt country yeah i i gotta say that and injustice and inequality uh until now i think the genie curve in indonesia is is it's still showing us that they're they're still we still have yes the wealth and the not half when it's it's really sorry the wealth and then the have not

the what the rage between them is is quite high and i i'm not saying that gender issues cultural hierarchy environment is not important to become the youth easy here but maybe this is uh what these issues has uh it's a specific market i mean not all the youth concern in gender and also in culture hierarchy and also in environment but uh they they still concern about it but not all the youth concerned in it only uh specific youth even specific uh people concerned in gender but for corruption injustice and equality i

think uh all of people not only the youth in indonesia is concerned about it because this problem is like what it's like a circle when uh their corruption it will uh come to injustice and also inequality and even in this pandemic era the corruption is higher than before and it becomes it and it it what it calls youth reaction very big they they i think they they were angry to the government because in this very hard era the corruption even getting bigger getting higher absorption index getting higher

so that's my answer all of the issues is important for the youth but the big three is corruption injustice and also in quality okay good thank you very much uh let's move to have the answer from sure um yeah in korea also back in the even until like maybe early 2000s or the 1990s corruption was a major issue overall in politics and society in general as well uh however with um with um casualties and with um with um you know uh internal kind of um upgrades and whatnot um corruption i mean it's still there of course but i

mean it's not such a major issue in in terms of society and politics at the moment it's not the biggest issue at least however over the past three four years in korea there has been an increase in housing prices that when that skyrocketed through the ceiling uh houses that were like hundred thousand dollars for example three years ago it's like 300 000 right now for example in certain regions so the the level of inequality not only for for the youth but for for everyone in general is is becoming a is becoming one of the

biggest issues in korea and also with inequality follows kind of maybe injustice as well and there was an incident in korea where one of our ex-ex-ministers the minister of um justice actually the minister of justice is the daughter of minister of an ex-minister of justice um she she her mother she's the trial is still going on but it is alleged that um her mother who's also a professor uh uh forged some of our entry papers and helping her to become and going to medical school basically and and that became a very

very big issue among the youth because number one you know they are they they are now the korean for example housing prices have become way too high for example in seoul for anyone to even even if you work for like 20 years on a normal salary you can never buy a house in seoul at least um so that comparative kind of void and emptiness is in korean people's youth so that's the inequality that the korean use kind of feel because back in the days in our father's days you know if you work hard and wake up early and you

know you do what you're told you know you save up money you put money in the bank you know you can have a good life in a good apartment and whatnot but now that's just just impossible so that kind of comparative uh void um plus uh injustice in um in the so-called hat what what the so-called haves do uh in terms of you know helping their their their offsprings helping their children um have even better lives is is is kind of a big problem at the moment right now in korea okay thank you very much uh okay let's

have the answer from channel um yeah i i'll keep it uh quick um and i think like everyone said everything is extremely important but if i had to pick two i will um and if if i had to pick two i don't mean these are my favorites but if by thinking of what might be important for young people um i think corruption and environment are important um because with other ideas like human rights and and gender and so on there is are still some levels of controversy around them they are sometimes seen as western ideas

and so on but issues around corruption and protecting the environment seem to bring everyone together so kind of no one there is generally little opposition for movements against corruption there is little opposition to movements against protecting the environment unlike with human rights issues and with gender issues they often when people advocate for them they're seen as kind of bringing in western ideas western issues uh but but you can't do the same with anti-corruption you can't the same with

protecting the environment so generally they seem to be more unifying uh movements everyone seems to agree uh on those two grounds so i would say those two great thank you very much for your the uh the enthusiastic uh respond to the question from the audience here so unfor um unbelievably we have till uh eight minutes to go here uh that's i i don't know that's the byproduct of the uh the time management of uh the the uh person here i i don't know but but still we have some uh time here so uh if you have

something more to add on the the discussion then i will give each of you just one minute to wrap up here so just share uh with us about your say uh the opinion uh on on the discussion today so that's that's the just just last whole uh the uh uh request okay so that's that's the so start with the uh pro which you can share your opinion about the discussion today with us what for just in in one minute okay thank you very much and it is for me is a great opportunity to learn from the comparative perspective

i'd like to to to give a final remark before we end the discussion let's get back to the question that did you ask about the social media why it matters to your politics in case of thailand to me the social media is the only platform that the youth politics that the young thais can expo express their voice and their voices are heard under the the authoritarian regime especially jupiter so i mean the the regime might use every means to block to to suppress to or anything whatever to control but but the social is the global phenomena

and this is the only one space that the the regime cannot you know completely dominate and control and i think i see a good signal for the social media especially twitter and clubhouse for youth politics in thailand thank you thank you very much okay so uh donut oh sorry kyung dong sorry um yeah i mean i just want to finish by um saying i mean all of us here are one way or the other in academia or in social society involved in youth politics or studying youth politics at the moment um i saw watched some kind of movie like

i think it was called departed with leonardo dicaprio a couple of days ago and it said um you know power is never given power has to be achieved um same with that um you know for the youth not only in korea but around the world um we i mean we we always have to keep knocking for that for that one one policy that that's curated towards us and we just have to keep on fighting a little bit and asking for what is what is what should be ours in order to you know for for them to cave in and say hey you know we will go

in the back alley for you backseat for you now it's your turn to you know to to make a difference in in the world and in korea as well thank you wonderful uh okay so donna okay uh when i say that youth political participation today has moved from the conventional to the unconventional one through social media and one side it's a positive because uh it's again it can't overwhelmingly spread the information quickly and make the youth characteristic but on the other hand we have to remember that social boots

that switch function to spread hot news filter bubbles echo cambers and search algorithm on google or any other social media platform that only shows news apps that match our preferences and it leads us to a confirmation bias and when we don't have a good uh media literacy or political literacy it it will brings us to the discussion of democracy so that's why bringing youth participation to the formal channel one is also important because as the political presence still exists here we need their participation and

a formal channel formal political channel so that they can uh directly influence the policies thank you thank you very much okay so um yeah i i think too um close i just want to uh i think this is something i said briefly as well earlier um i think we should advocate for having more young people represented at all levels of decision making right from right to the top to the local government but we should also keep questioning which kinds of young people we want there as well because young people are also so diverse

and young people as we know unfortunately can also be corrupt and authoritarian and and um and sexist and homophobic and and all of these types of uh issues that that people of all ages have uh so i think while we advocate for youth representation we need to keep questioning which types of young people we need as well um and advocate for to make sure that the people who can stand for a democracy and those values and also people who can represent the the kind of the least powerful most marginalized sectors of

our society are in those positions um as well um okay great okay so uh i think the uh i i always feel that these the international uh dialogue with the any kind of topic will be very beneficial for not only for me but also for the community uh at large here so today i also learned a lot uh that's that's the real benefit for this this international forum so i think the thank you very much uh for the the the presenters to give us the insightful uh the the idea in terms of the use politics as well as the i also think for

the uh the the audience to uh join us uh for about the two hours here and and raising uh the impressive questions here uh thank you very much and and i believe the adr and webinar will uh will going on uh in the near future and we hope i hope uh we can see each other uh at the new uh adrln webinar series okay thank you very much i will start here thank you and and stay safe and strong