[Global NK 인터뷰] 나토의 인도-태평양 전략과 신전략개념이 갖는 함의

YouTube 링크 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkxIP8pbqvA

라몬 파체코 파르도(Ramon Pacheco Pardo) 영국 킹스칼리지 런던(King’s College London: KCL) 국제관계학 교수겸 KF-VUB 한국 석좌교수는 나토(North Atlantic Treaty Organization: NATO)가 새로운 전략 개념에 중국을 “체계적 도전”이라고 규정한 이유와 배경을 설명하고, 비록 유럽국가들이 대부분 중국과 우호적인 관계 유지를 희망하고 있지만, 미·중 갈등이 심화될 경우 오랜 유대 관계의 역사 및 이념과 가치의 문제로 인해 결국 미국의 편에 서게 될 것으로 전망합니다.

I. The Implications of NATO’s Identification of China as a “Systematic Challenge”

• The rise of China, both “economically, politically, diplomatically, and…militarily,” has led to increased potential for conflict to arise with European countries, as has been the case with trade in the South China Sea or competition in Latin America, especially when coupled with the fact that China “is not as cooperative as it might have been in the 2000s.”

• The U.S. has played a key role in bringing China into NATO discussions; it was “President Trump that brought China to the discussion in the London Summit,” and later Biden that “pressed NATO … to consider China from a military perspective, not only from an economic and political perspective.”

• Finally, “Russia and China are seen by a growing number of European officials and countries as two sides [of] the same coin,” particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. NATO has been Ukraine’s primary supporter; conversely, Europe, the United Nations (UN), and NATO view that “China has sided with Russia” because of its voting patterns and failure to condemn the invasion.

• Individual European countries may have their own secondary motivations for being wary of China—Pacheco Pardo highlights the threat of Chinese technology as one example.

II. How have European countries responded to American pressure to act on China?

• European countries differ in their views on NATO’s approach to China. The question was about what was going to be included in the Strategic Concept. Some European countries wanted to include cyber threat by condemning the malicious cyber activity conducted by China, Russia, and North Korea. While, certain issues were generally agreed upon, such as supply chains, and thus were not difficult to include in the Strategic Concept.

• The “ideological competition” between democracies and autocracies has prompted European countries, which are “all democracies,” to understand that Russia and China “could be brought together.” In particular, the Russian invasion of Ukraine represented an “important breaking point” in the discussion surrounding Russia and China; it has served as a catalyst, making it “easier to have a moral discussion on China.”

• Dr. Pacheco Pardo argues that the European Union (EU), NATO can “sometimes be treated as a whole when it comes to foreign policy.” He explains, “Although some European countries feel they must maintain links with China, Europeans are very clear that they're going to be closer to the U.S because of longstanding ties and shared ideology with the U.S.” Pacheco Pardo predicts that “more and more European countries” will subscribe to the notion that they don’t want to choose, but if a U.S.-China confrontation were to occur, they would “join the U.S. camp and…work together with the U.S.” without breaking ties with China.

• Dr. Pacheco Pardo asserts that the discussion around inviting South Korea and other Asian-Pacific partners to the NATO summit began well before the Russian invasion, and the decision to invite them was tied more to concerns over China than over Russia. Korean and Japanese anxieties over China’s attempts to “redraw some of the geopolitics in the region” also “resonate” with many European countries “because of what Russia is doing in Ukraine.” As a result, some European countries feel an “obligation to support Asian partners,” which they interpret to mean taking a tougher stance on China.

※ Please cite accordingly when referencing this source.

V. Biography

■ Ramon Pacheco Pardo_ Ramon Pacheco Pardo is Professor of International Relations at King's College London and the KF-VUB Korea Chair at the Brussels School of Governance of Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He is also King's Regional Envoy for East and South East Asia, helping to shape and implement the university's strategy for the region. Prof Pacheco Pardo is also Adjunct Fellow (Non-Resident) with the Korea Chair at CSIS, Non-Resident Fellow with Sejong Institute, and Committee Member at CSCAP EU. He has held visiting positions at Korea University, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, and Melbourne University.

■ Typeset by Junghoo Park, Research Associate

    For inquiries: 02 2277 1683 (ext. 205) | jhpark@eai.or.kr

영상 스크립트

korea is the only asian country actually exporting military equipment to nato members has been exported to turkey for a long period of time but after the invasion of crimea uk estonia poland norway there were nato members that were looking around for uh to boost their their military deterrent against russia and when you look at asia it's really korea the only country right and now you see arms transfers from korea to europe that are needed for deterrence and in some cases as we know now poland for example has been transferring

arms to ukraine so something as simple as fighting a war um australia has also been sending weapons it has to be said but it hasn't started to export yet but for for the case of creatives i i mentioned this in detail because it's becoming more and more important and something that we should consider too