[2020 KF Korea Workshop: ファン・ドゥジン]

YouTubeリンク：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-1Paaat_vE

EAIは、韓国国際交流財団（Korea Foundation: KF）と共に、韓国に滞在する外国人を対象に、韓国への理解を深め、共感を広げることを目的とした「2020 KFコリア・ワークショップ」を開催します。「2020 KFコリア・ワークショップ」は、以下の3つのクラスターで構成されています：クラスターE（External & Domestic Affairs）、クラスターA（Arts & Culture）、クラスターI（Industry & IT）。

「2020 KFコリア・ワークショップ」クラスターAの最初のセッションでは、ファン・ドゥジン代表による「韓国の建築」についての講演が行われました。講演後の質疑応答では、韓国の現代建築と伝統的な建築要素に関する様々な質問と活発な議論が行われ、有益な時間となりました。

映像スクリプト

it's very nice to meet you all this episode and actually uh my talk today had to compete with the beautiful weather outside uh so many of you with me online right now so i'm very proud and thank you for attending my talk the title of my talk this afternoon is korean architecture and spatial flexibility it's about an inspiration that we can get from traditional korean architecture i hope you will enjoy my talk would you please turn on the powerpoint thank you the comments around the picture in the middle are

what i very frequently heard from the professors who are visiting architects when i was an architect student back in early 1980s in korea spread your arms to touch both walls it's about human scale with traditional korean houses which we call hanoi as you probably know are being young and quite cocky and anti-establishment just like any other students uh i didn't really fully accept this comment because i thought well if you build a small house in concrete you can still spread your arms to touch

both walls it's not specifically about home other comments such as for a desk and any room will become a study or a table and it will become a dining room a bed will turn any room into a bedroom you can use it as a tea room as well so all these comments about how hanoi changes his function which we architects are sometimes called programs all the time but again i was very skeptical about these comments as well because and it's not really about hanukki's self it's about something else and i kind of wondered why all these

professors and visiting architect has to say things like this because at the time i thought these were just full of uh what we normally call these days which we can translate it as national pride and as i became a professional architect and started to gain more experience in actual design and construction of real buildings i look back at these comments again and try very hard to understand why these comments had to be made when i was student and then slowly little by little i started to understand

重要だったのは、建築そのものだけでなく、特に家具や設備との関わりにおいて、それをどのように利用したかということでした。これらの写真を見ていただければ、朝鮮の先祖たちが使っていた伝統的な家具の多くは、実際にはかなり小さいものであったことがわかります。例えば、「ソバン」と呼ぶ食卓を見てください。これは一人用であり、食事のために食堂に行くのではなく、自分の部屋にとどまり、母親、同居人、あるいは召使いがそれを部屋に運んできてくれました。

so it's very small and mobile look at the picture of the ring on the right it's again very small so all these furniture and you can mix again including the dress hanger at the bottom left and traditional folding screen and also traditional bedding in the picture on the far right all these furniture and equipment are really quite mobile because they are lightweight very flexible and space safety so probably because of this extremely mobile and lightweight and small quality it was possible for korean hanukks

to have very high level of spatial flexibility that's what i have noticed and recognized the architecture itself also has to come up in this game of attaining high level of flexibility in a living environment uh look at these two pictures uh these are actually uh one of our past projects uh called echihan it's in seochon the area to the west of pyeongchang palace i'm sure you probably know about this area quite well many years ago about seven or eight years ago a very young couple men and women they visited our office you can see them

in the middle of the picture on on the top and they were engaged so they were about to be married soon and in preparation for the wedding they bought a very old and very deliberate al almost abandoned hanok in the and they asked us to renovate this house into their uh into their home which we did and the picture on the button left a button right is the finished house what you can notice here in the picture in the button right is the presence of big hanging doors above the uh in front of the main

living room area of hanok these uh these hanging doors which you call sabna moon in uh in korean uh it can also be translated as flying doors that's normally the term that i use because i love it i love the the feeling of the world so these flying doors are really about the way we use the space in a very flexible way during the winter you can close it you can lower it and you can unfold it and it becomes four leaf doors and then during the summer or when the weather is really nice like today you can fold it and lift them up just

like this so architecture also had its role in creating a living environment that's highly flexible as you can tell so this is another example of flying doors this is at a six-star hotel called seamark which is in gangnam city of gangnam to on the east coast of korean peninsula this very luxury hotel has an hanok annex and the main building was designed by an american architect named richard meyer he is a global superstar architect and our office was commissioned to design the hanukkah next for the hotel and this is the picture of

that part of the hotel which we call ho anje and again in this picture you can see the presence of two flying doors this time the doors are in inside the house not outside so by using this kind of doors we can control the way we use spaces depending on different circumstances so all these things add up to the the net effect of creating and living in an environment that really caters to our changing needs back in traditional times sometimes our ancestors the old koreans really went very far and they designed such a very elaborate

system of doors and windows and you see one of the examples here and this is a combination of sliding doors and swing doors and i took this picture at a very famous traditional residence called myeongdyegoteb which is in non-sun in namdoo and we call this angoji moon in in korean language but uh probably in english i would say the best way to put it is sliding sliding and swing door the way it works is actually quite interesting the two leaves in the middle they slide open and slightly close but two leaves on the

outside they're spindles so when you uh want to completely uh open all the doors all leaves what you can do is you slide the middle leaves to both sides and not just the doors but also the door frames they swing open so you can you can this way you can connect two adjoining rooms as if they are one single connected space so what we can say from these pictures is that mobility of function equipment when it is combined with architectural changeability together they work together to create to achieve very high level of spatial

flexibility and this is the main theme of my talk today uh the net result of uh living in such a living in uh in this kind of living environment with a very high level of spatial flexibility is that even a very small house can accommodate surprisingly large number of people this is a very small hanok in bukchon probably you uh many of you already know the area or already visited the area it's one of the best tourist spots in the entire country and the name of this house is sangije and it's only 49 kilometers big so it's

a very small house but before we also renovated this house this is one of our projects which we did about 15 years ago and the owner was a young lady and she told us a very interesting story when she first visited this house in order to start the negotiation to bite she noticed that three generations of family members were living inside this very small house so this is what spatial flexibility can do for you because of the the very versatile way of using spaces depending on different situations this kind of small house can

accommodate surprisingly a large number of people we will look at uh a different aspect of architecture from now uh more generic more global uh aspect of architecture not just korean traditional architecture but you'll kill another picture of probably the most famous and most influential uh residential architecture of 20th century this is villa savourd designed by the famous swiss french architect called leukovisia this was built in 1929 uh 10 years after the spanish flew and lucrezia was uh very obsessed with

hygiene so i don't have the slide here today but uh in the middle of the entrance lobby of this house he placed a toilet sink the idea is when you immediately after you enter your house you wash your hands and he did this because they learned a lot during the the spanish flu pandemic i mean just as we learn a lot from the current curvy 19 fandemic so that's one of the very interesting features of this house but the reason why i'm showing you this picture is this particular house really represent

a very big trend in contemporary architecture which we call functionalism we are still living under the influence of this very influential and important architectural theory but in retrospect from the vintage vantage point of 21st century uh the way lucrubisia approached and formulated this uh theory was somewhat outdated from our contemporary point of view because when he probably first published his idea about functionalist architecture he wrote a book called verona which in which is in french and it means

toward an architecture and he he compared the contemporary automobile design of at the time to classical greek temple architecture and his point was that if we study very carefully about the way engineers design automobiles and airplanes at that time we can probably uh create something very classical in spirit which is comparable to this classical architecture from the greek period but if you look at these two pictures of the automobiles in the bottom you can tell they are really old-fashioned so from historical perspective

this very uh idea of functionalist architecture it took place at the dawn of machine age at the time the machines were very bulky it was big and they really needed very strong formal language but now in the 21st century when we say contemporary high technology we normally refer to the the objects or the way things work which were often very immaterial you can hardly see them i mean for example take a look at a wi-fi machine they're so small these days they are actually smaller than your hand but it allows you to be connected to

the rest of the world through internet so the high technology of these days they are not really they don't really need formal language to to use them or to design around them and they're so lightweight and they're so small and they hardly occupy any space at all so what that means is that even though we still continue to live in the functionalist uh world the way we approach it these days could be a little different from the time lucrezia worked as an architect so i came up with an idea of rewriting global

architectural history is my personal version you don't get to see this in any of the books this is a very original on my own the invention so to speak uh if i write a a book on history of global architecture i would use the framework of the relationship between buildings and machines oh and the key word i like to i love to use is plumbing because plumbing actually is wiring and piping but they represent how machines interact with buildings for example the majority of global architectural history

and many buildings belongs to what i call pre-plumbing area and all those beautiful catholic cathedrals renaissance and baroque buildings and greek and roman buildings they all belong to this category they are pre-modern and these buildings were built and designed and built before the advent of the machine age so so in other words they didn't have any kind of relationship with any kind of machine so if you go to notre dame cathedral in paris for example now the building is equipped with contemporary technology but it was

the result of the number of renovations that took place after 19th century but during the 13th century or 14th century immediately after the building was built didn't have any air conditioning probably had very minimal means of heating no communication equipment whatsoever no internet of course so in other words these buildings that belong to this pre-plumbing era they're just about spacing structure but the whole thing started to change sometime around 19th century and early 20th century because architecture started to be

integrated with the martian age and this is the era that i call pro plumbing because he loves plumbing he loves machine you want to be incorporate with machines and we are still living in that historical era in my in my opinion so this refers to modern and contemporary architecture in general it's about combination of architecture machine and it's about the way buildings use energy and it's about the way buildings are connected to infrastructure of our society such as the underground tunnels sewage system electric system all kinds

of things so i mean this really belongs to the functionalist architecture which lucrobizier wrote about in his book but in the 21st century where we are now the whole thing started to change again because we are seeing more and more cases in which architecture is integrated with latest high technology that are often invisible in material very small doesn't really occupy a lot of spaces around them as i mentioned before so i would say this post plumbing era architecture really is the architecture of the future

and many buildings these days they generate their own energy using solar panels and geothermal uh the energy generation and all that and it's getting highly integrated information system as well so this really is first functionalism architecture and it is a uh the result of the advanced machine age the time that we live in right now so with this kind of historical perspective in our minds when we look back on the early 21st century hanong renaissance which is still taking place uh there are a few things that we can

say about it in retrospect i remember it was about 2000 uh that's the year that i started my practice and at first i didn't have any intention to work on hanok projects i considered myself as a typical contemporary architect and i still do that and hanno practice has become a very special part of what i do as an architect but in retrospect sometime around 2000 uh more and more people started to be interested in traditional houses and people actually bought them and renovate them and started to live in them and

for someone like me who grew up in 1970s and 80s as a young student the whole thing came to me as a shock because as a student we learned that it's a good thing to study about hanoi and to get inspirations from hanok but never uh think about hanok as an actual uh the architectural practice because these are things of the past that's exactly what we learned at school but as i just said around the turn of the millennia people suddenly started to be interested in traditional korean architecture and i

became part of the change and from the historical perspective which i just explained we can say that hanog is a very typical pre-plumbing typology the majority the very concept of hanok was invented and practiced well before the advent of machine age because hanukkah has been formulated for such a long time before the modernization period so essentially it was a very pre-modern pre-plumbing prototype but all of a sudden around the turn of the millennia it started to be evolved to incorporate all these elements

of not just pro-plumbing architecture but postponing architecture as well as you can see in this picture very interesting picture again this is edgy hon the same house that you saw in the previous pictures and the couple on the right they are actual owners they kind of volunteered to be in the pictures and very very nice people and this is the way they use their hano this was totally unthinkable even early 1990s because the the concept of watching movie using video projector at your home i think it started to come to us

sometime around 2004 2005 so this is a very new thing but you can actually do this you can actually turn your hanok into a movie theater because video projects project is normally quite small you can all you need to do you just hook it up to your laptop and there you go bala you have a movie theater so the whole mission of hano renaissance can be turned into a single mission statement how to accommodate contemporary lifestyle in an essentially pre-modern prototype and that's exactly what i have been doing and what i have

been trying to to contribute to the picture on the left shows the hard reality of more than a contemporary hanok renovation on the outside it gives you a very nice looking feel very old traditional look and feel but once you open the closet door it's filled with machines wi-fi machines home security machines of course uh air conditioning and the heating and clean kind of thing but they are so nicely integrated so from the outside you don't really feel the presence of all these machines but they're there because without them

you cannot have contemporary lifestyle in this old pre plumbing pre-modern typology we're living in a very interesting time in history because we are witnessing many social changes that are very closely related to the the changes and development development in in in contemporary technology such as this these are a few examples of what i call hybrid spaces uh picture on on the top left is a small cafe in a bank building and a building called capital one i think is somewhere in the united states but we call this type a shopping shop

typology so it's a shop within a bigger shop so cafe in a bank which is very commonplace these days and the picture on in the middle and on the right uh on the left is a home office on the right is an office cafe an interesting thing these days is homes are more and more becoming like offices and offices are more and more like cafe are the homes because many offices now have kitchens and cafeterias just like homes and many homes are now becoming a place where you not only just live or work especially

during this curvy 19 pandemic a picture on the bottom left is a library hotel in in tokyo it's a place called book and bed bamb it's probably a parody of airbnb bed and breakfast basically it's a bouquet in bed and coffees a lot of people choose to work in in cafes instead of offices as we call these places coffees coffees so all these hybrid spaces again shows the way people use spaces in a very flexible way so it is a lot many common things with the way we used to use our hanok in the old days well i'm not saying

the entire world owes korea for having this kind of highly flexible uh way of living i'm just saying that we can find the same thing the same thing in our traditional korean architecture but i think things always happen to come back in history so what happens in the old days will happen again in the future so the special the flexible way of using spaces is now again with us big time uh a few years ago this kind of um a place was very common especially in the gangnam area in seoul during the daytime the place is an

automobile service center as you can see in the picture on the left but after the dawn the service center is closed and the whole place suddenly turns itself into a restaurant outdoor restaurant as you can see on the picture on the right how is this possible i think looking at this kind of instant business conversion somebody at korean tax service is probably not quite happy i don't know how they process the tax issues in a business like this what kind of place is this from a text text collector's point of view

is this a car service center or restaurant but from architectural point of view which i have been uh talking about this kind of thing can take place this kind of thing can be possible not just because of the architecture of the place itself but again because of the furniture that they use look at those furniture they all the chairs are all stackable and in this kind of restaurant they serve you know the korean bbq and korean beef stew and things like that but they don't have wiring and they don't have plumbing what they have is

what we call brewster it's a mobile gas stove so what i try to tell you is that with this kind of highly flexible and mobile and lightweight furniture and equipment you can instantly change one place to another in a very easy and comfortable way again thanks to the uh the contemporary technology i mean we take we we tend to take all these things very uh as granted because you are so familiar with them but from a bigger historical point of view these are all the result of highly efficient development in technologies

smart isn't it i say smart because this way you can use one physical place for two different purposes depending on different time of the day and it's about efficiency it's about the way we use our cities the way we design our cities normally many places in the cities that we live in they are designed and built for just one single purpose so offices are normally empty during the evening and during the night of course we koreans tend to work long hours that's an exception but homes are normally empty during the daytime

but if you combine them then you can probably come up with a much more efficient way of using physical spaces than we do now so again we can learn great lessons and inspirations from the way we build and design and live in traditional hanok that's the point of my lecture today but as i said uh maybe koreans were not the only ones to do this i mean of course there are many many examples of people trying to come up with an idea of designing buildings that can be used for different uh programs and functions

uh for example this is a very famous icon of modern architecture designed by german architect named miss van der rohn this is in chicago as part of the illinois institute of technology campus this crown hall the name of the building is crono and this was the building that houses a departmental architecture of that academic institution miss banduro was very interested in creating a space that can be used for different purposes just like what i'm talking about today and he applied the same concept into

this small house and again in i think it's in in illinois as well it's called fosworth house after the name of the owner he he used the term a universal space for this kind of design but his ideas didn't really work quite well because looking at a look at the plan of the crown house crown hall didn't really have any partitions at all one part of the building is the lecture hall the other part is a design studio but when you give a lecture just like what i do now you you you create noise you create

sound but when you work in a design studio you want to work in a quiet and comfortable space and these things they started to fight against each other so as a result of that this beautiful architectural concept of universal space didn't really work quite well in in the practical way but if we use this building these days the whole thing can be worked out because now we can use this kind of high technology gadgets directional speakers that allows you to send your voices in just one direction so you happen to be in the other part of

the space you don't hear it and lecturers they can wear a wireless microphone and headset so they can speak very softly they don't need to raise their voices either so all these high-tech small mobile gauges when they are combined with buildings designed and built on the base of universal space or flexible space they can do a miracle a single building can turn it into many different things again it's about the conservation of energy conservation of building materials conservation of time because you don't

have to move around that much and these are the things that that i'm very interested in these days so sometimes building can be turned into something quite different such as this too all the christian churches have turned into libraries and nightclubs all over the world so with that kind of framework frame of ideas in our minds we i'll show you some of you on my projects that i do at work many of them are related to the topic of today's uh talk but some just stands on their own but i decided to show them because i

wanted to understand what kind of architectural projects that we people in our office have been produced producing for last 20 years my office is called dujinwan architects it's again named after my name you saw this house already this is ajihang the highly flexible hanok that can be turned into a movie theater such a small hanukkah so we were interested interested in creating multiple level of floors for example here underneath this sitting area these are our storage storage and above the kitchen we have an attic and

what was important was not probably just the architecture itself but the way we use it especially in regard to furniture and equipment look at these pictures and you can tell much of traditional furniture that our ancestors the old time koreans used were actually quite small look at the dynamite which we can which we call subban so actually for just one person and you don't really go to a dining room for a meal you just stay in your own room and somebody either your mother or housemate or a servant will take it to your room

unique uh house this is another building it's a contemporary design which literally faces the entrance of the changdok palace it's called nos terras it's in and the building is owned by actually one of my friend and his wife the way we design the building is based on this idea of spatial flexibility on one part of the wall can be completely open and closed so when you uh completely open the wall you have this beautiful uh panoramic view of the chandra palace but when if you close it then then you get a very different

interior view of the house and even from the kitchen you can see the main and main build entrance building of the chandra palace and i show you this building to you already this uh the sema hotel uh ho andre hanok annex of the six star luxury hotel the building in the middle is the main building designed by american architect richard meyer and the building the foreground is my own creation and again for this building we uh we incorporate we installed a large number of flying doors because we thought this part of the

hotel can not only use for regular guests but also can be used as a banquet and function space for weddings or parties or things like that so on a beautiful day like this all those doors can be folded and raised so that you have this nice transition between interior and exterior of this part of the hotel a picture on the left shows actually we did this architectural joke what we did was we we scanned a few paintings by a very famous korean traditional painter and we kind of collab we made a collage

using those images to create a perspective of this hotel but the owner really loved it so we sometimes we we continue to do that and this is a open floor or with organ with flying doors and this is a very actually contemporary style bathroom in the inside hotel and this particular building uh is called castle of skywalkers which is in chennai this is a training facility for a professional valuable team and i like to show you a video or youtube video clip of it please foreign and from the outside is a simple box

inside the buildings so did we go to what i talked about this afternoon the building also has a very high level of very interesting the reason for that is on a beautiful day like this create such a nice natural ventilation the sun outside the message oh so is in the traditional this is a small house that we designed in jeju island uh we have a video but because of time limit i'm not going to show it uh but again this house is also based on the concept of having a very flexible envelope so the the doors can be completely open

そして、幸いにも今夜はムスクがいるので、家の内装と外装は非常に美しく統合できます。ソウルの郊外にデザインした別のハノク、ヴィラHは、オーナーの姓が私と同じファンであるため、このヴィラHと名付けました。これも私に関するものです。これは済州島での私たちの最新プロジェクトでもあります。実際、それは巨大で、観光公園内に居住用および代表用のハノクがあります。このハノクも多数の引き戸を備えています。

おそらく今日、済州島の天気とソウルの天気が同じであれば、これらのドアはすべて開いていて、空気が自由に出入りし、家の中から外の景色を楽しむことができるでしょう。私の建築家としての使命は、私たちの伝統と私たちが生きている現代世界との間に橋を架けることです。そのため、私たちがデザインするすべての建物が、しばしば私たちが学べるアイデアによって助けられる、さまざまなプログラムに対応する生きた空間になることを願っています。

伝統的な韓国建築から。ありがとうございました。さて、予定より4分ほど遅れましたが、質疑応答セッションを開始します。ご質問があれば、ズームの「手を挙げる」ボタンを使用してください。さて、学生の一人が、貴重なトレーニングセンターに使用した素材について尋ねました。私は単純にアルミニウムクラッドと呼びましたが、より具体的にはアルミニウムエキスパンドメタルという素材です。その理由は、大きなアルミニウムシートから始まり、

幾何学的なパターンで全体にカットを入れ、両端を重機で引っ張ると、アルミニウムシートのすべてのスロットが開口部になり、画面で見たようなものになります。素材はアルミニウムで、製品名はアルミニウムエキスパンドメタルと呼ばれています。通常は土木工学、歩道などに使用される素材でしたが、15年ほど前に上海で初めて見たとき、

博覧会で、これはクールな素材だ、建物にも使えるかもしれないと思いました。その後、他の建築家も同じ考えを持っていることに気づきました。私だけではありませんが、多くの建築家がこの素材をプロジェクトの外壁の非常に優れたクラッディングとして使用しています。他に質問はありますか？もう一度お願いします。良い質問です。生の未処理の木材から始める方法がいくつかありますが、化学防腐剤を使用するなど、事前に処理することもできます。木材全体をプールに浸すことができます。

化学薬品のプールに浸して、化学薬品が木材の組織に浸透するようにします。それが一つの方法です。もう一つの方法は、表面を燃やすことです。木材を燻製します。これは木材を保存するための非常に古くからの方法であり、ヨーロッパや日本など、世界のさまざまな地域で行われてきました。それがもう一つの方法です。そして3番目の選択肢は、建物を完成させた後にステインを塗布することです。したがって、多くの方法があります。次の質問をお願いします。実際、多くの人々が

韓国の私の分野でも、同じ質問ではありませんが、似たような質問をしています。韓国の建築家には未来があるのでしょうか？なぜなら、私たちは現代史において、非常に忙しく、非常に忙しく建物を建てていた時代をすでに過ぎ去ったからです。しかし、韓国では建物の全体的な質がますます向上していると思います。したがって、建築家には未来があると思います。建築事務所で仕事を得ようとしている若い建築家については、少し励ましたいと思います。多くの事務所がまだ採用していますので、心配な場合は試してみてください。

トレンド。はい、先ほども言いましたが、私の事務所でさえ、それほど大きくはありませんが、約10人です。私たちは中堅企業です。最近、私たちは、時間帯によってさまざまなプログラムや機能に対応できる建物を創造するために一生懸命取り組んでいます。私はこのような建物を「レインボーケーキビルディング」と呼んでいます。レインボーケーキにはさまざまな色の層があります。通常、多くの建物は

下から上までオフィスはオフィスだけ、下から上までアパートはアパートだけですが、私たちの事務所では、より複雑な機能の組み合わせを持つ建物を創造しようとしています。これは、社会の絶えず変化するニーズに、より効率的でエネルギーと材料を節約する方法で対応する建物を創造するという、建築家としての私の信念に関係しています。したがって、これも今日議論したことと大いに関係があります。考えるのに良い質問です。

わかりませんが、実際に考えました。そして、一般的に言えば、私たちの文化では、単色のパレットの使用が長い間私たちと共にありました。例えば、ハノクを見ても、見えるのは3色だけです。白い壁の木の色と濃い灰色の粘土瓦の色ですが、これら3つの素材に共通することは、それらは素材の本来の色であり、コーティングされておらず、塗装のように色付けされて重ねられていないということです。この非常にシンプルな色のせいで

パレットは長い間私たちと共にありましたが、非常に派手で華やかな色のパレットの使用には、私たちはあまり慣れていませんでした。しかし、物事は急速に変化しています。もう一つの側面は、建物の見方によって大きく異なります。多くの人々は、建物は目立つべき物体であると信じがちですが、都市の状況では、多くの建物はコレクションとして見られ、他のもの、例えば人々や車のための背景になります。

そして、それが韓国だけでなく、世界の多くの地域で、多くの建物が驚くほど単色である理由の一つです。そして、この種の単色の建物は、背景の建物として非常にうまく機能します。したがって、必ずしも悪いことではありません。さて、これは私が最近想像している都市の未来の姿です。ソウルや韓国の他の都市、あるいは世界の他の都市に住んでいる場合、当然のこととして受け入れられているのは、仕事に行き、通勤し、

往復し、家に帰ることです。つまり、毎日2回の移動をします。移動に費やす時間と、仕事と家の間の距離によって、生活の質は劇的に変化する可能性があります。理想的な通勤時間についての私の経験則は、最大でも30分だと思います。片道30分以上通勤すると、人生を台無しにしています。ある場所から別の場所へ移動するだけで、あまりにも多くの時間を費やしています。そして、仕事の後にもう一度それをしなければなりません。

長い期間にわたって蓄積されると、それは大きなものになります。したがって、幸せな人生を送りたいのであれば、通勤時間を短くするために最善を尽くしてください。そうすれば、節約した時間を他のことに使うことができます。しかし、韓国に住んでいてそのようなライフスタイルを送りたいのであれば、それは非常に困難です。なぜなら、韓国の建物の大多数は単一の目的のために建てられているからです。だからこそ、私たちは非常に長い距離を移動しなければなりませんでした。韓国は残念ながら、OECD諸国の中で最も長い通勤時間という記録を持っています。それは約1.5時間です。

毎日2時間です。だからこそ、韓国人は常に疲れているのです。したがって、建築家として、私は人々が日常生活でそれほど移動する必要のない都市を創造するという社会全体の努力に貢献したいと思います。週末には遠くの場所を訪れることができますが、それは構いません。しかし、日常生活では、移動距離は最小限に抑える必要があります。しかし、韓国では、すでに持っているすべてのハードウェアのために、そのようなライフスタイルを維持することは非常に困難です。だからこそ、私は非常に努力しています。

空間を非常に柔軟に利用できる建物のアイデアを思いつくために。これで終わりにします。ご清聴ありがとうございました。まだ太陽は昇っているので、外に出て残りの夜を楽しんでください。ありがとうございました。